Skincare Glossary
1. Active Ingredients
Active ingredients are key components in skincare products that directly affect the skin. These can include retinol, Vitamin C, or hyaluronic acid, all known for their skin benefits.
2. AHAs (Alpha Hydroxy Acids)
AHAs are water-soluble acids that exfoliate the skin, helping to improve texture, reduce fine lines, and fade dark spots by removing dead skin cells.
3. Antioxidants
Antioxidants protect the skin from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, which can lead to premature aging and irritation. Common antioxidants include Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and green tea extract.
4. BB Cream (Beauty Balm)
BB Creams combine coverage, hydration, and sun protection in one product, offering a multitasking alternative to foundation.
5. Comedogenic
Comedogenic refers to products or ingredients that can clog pores and potentially cause acne breakouts.
6. Collagen
Collagen is a skin protein that gives skin structure and elasticity. As we age, collagen production decreases, leading to wrinkles and sagging skin.
7. Dehydrated Skin
Dehydrated skin lacks water, often feeling tight, dry, and dull. Unlike dry skin, which lacks oil, dehydrated skin requires hydration from water-based ingredients.
8. Derma Rolling
A skincare technique using a roller with tiny needles to stimulate collagen production and improve skin texture and tone.
9. Exfoliation
Exfoliation is the process of removing dead skin cells to reveal smoother, brighter skin. It can be done physically with scrubs or chemically with AHAs/BHAs.
10. Free Radicals
Free radicals are unstable molecules that can damage skin cells and accelerate aging. Antioxidants help protect the skin from free radical damage.
11. Hyaluronic Acid
A powerful humectant that attracts moisture and helps maintain hydration in the skin, leaving it plump and hydrated.
12. Retinol
A Vitamin A derivative that promotes cell turnover, reducing wrinkles, fine lines, and acne.
13. SPF (Sun Protection Factor)
SPF measures the effectiveness of sunscreen in protecting against UVB rays, which cause sunburn. Higher SPF values provide greater protection.
14. Toning
Toning is a step after cleansing that balances the skin’s pH, removes excess oil, and prepares the skin for serums and moisturizers.
15. Vitamin C
A powerful antioxidant that helps brighten the skin, reduce pigmentation, and protect from environmental stressors, improving skin tone and texture.
16. Micellar Water
A gentle cleanser that uses micelles to attract and remove dirt, makeup, and impurities without rinsing, ideal for sensitive skin.
17. Peptides
Peptides are amino acid chains that help rebuild proteins in the skin, promoting hydration and reducing wrinkles.
18. Pore-Minimizing
Pore-minimizing products reduce the appearance of pores by controlling oil production and clearing debris.
19. Silicones
Silicones smooth the skin but can sometimes clog pores, making them unsuitable for acne-prone or sensitive skin.
20. Toner
Toners remove residual makeup and residue, hydrate the skin, and prepare it for subsequent skincare products.
21. Zinc Oxide
A mineral sunscreen ingredient that provides broad-spectrum protection from harmful UVA and UVB rays. It’s often used in mineral sunscreens and is suitable for sensitive skin.
22. Vitamin E
A powerful antioxidant known for its skin-repairing and moisturizing properties, often found in moisturizers and serums.
23. Oil-Free
Oil-free products are formulated without oils, making them ideal for oily or acne-prone skin as they help control excess sebum.
24. Serums
Serums are concentrated treatments that address specific skin concerns, such as acne, aging, or pigmentation. They are typically applied after toner but before moisturizer.
25. Exfoliating Acids (AHAs/BHAs)
AHAs (e.g., glycolic acid) and BHAs (e.g., salicylic acid) exfoliate the skin, unclog pores, and improve skin texture.
26. Alkaline pH
Skincare products with an alkaline pH (above 7) can disrupt the skin's natural barrier, leading to dryness and irritation. It’s best to use products with a balanced pH.
27. Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
A surfactant used in cleansers for foaming, though it can be drying and irritating for sensitive skin.
28. BB Cream
BB Cream (Beauty Balm) is a lightweight alternative to foundation that offers hydration, sun protection, and coverage for a natural look.
29. Biocompatible Ingredients
Biocompatible ingredients match the skin’s natural biology, improving absorption and effectiveness without irritation.
30. Blackhead
A type of acne caused by clogged pores. The exposed surface oxidizes, turning it black.
31. Botanical Extracts
Plant-derived ingredients with healing, soothing, or anti-aging properties, including green tea extract and chamomile.
32. Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen
Sunscreens that protect from both UVA (aging) and UVB (burning) rays, offering complete sun protection.
33. Cica (Centella Asiatica)
A plant extract with healing properties that reduces irritation, redness, and strengthens the skin barrier.
34. Chemical Sunscreen
Chemical sunscreens absorb UV radiation and convert it to heat to protect the skin. Common filters include avobenzone and oxybenzone.
35. Cold Cream
A thick, emollient cream designed to hydrate and protect the skin from harsh weather conditions.
36. Collagen-Boosting
Products that stimulate collagen production, improving skin elasticity and reducing wrinkles. Retinol and Vitamin C are popular for boosting collagen.
37. Dry Brushing
A technique using a dry brush to exfoliate the skin, improve circulation, and reduce the appearance of cellulite.
38. Enzyme Peel
A gentle exfoliation using natural enzymes from fruits like papaya or pineapple to break down dead skin cells.
39. Ferulic Acid
An antioxidant that enhances the effects of Vitamin C while brightening the complexion and protecting against environmental damage.
40. Fragrance-Free
Products without added fragrance, ideal for sensitive skin or those prone to irritation.
41. Free Radical Scavengers
Ingredients like Vitamin C and green tea extract that neutralize free radicals, preventing oxidative damage and premature aging.
42. Glycolic Acid
An AHA that exfoliates the skin to improve texture, fade pigmentation, and promote a smoother complexion.
43. Green Tea Extract
An antioxidant that protects the skin, reduces inflammation, and calms sensitive skin.
44. Hydrating
Hydrating ingredients like hyaluronic acid and glycerine retain moisture, keeping the skin plump and dewy.
45. Hyperpigmentation
Excess melanin production that causes dark spots or patches. It can be triggered by sun exposure, acne, or hormonal changes.
46. Hypoallergenic
Products formulated to reduce the risk of allergic reactions, often free from common allergens like fragrance or alcohol.
47. Illuminating
Products designed to provide a radiant, glowing finish by reflecting light off the skin, often containing mica or pearlescent minerals.
48. Induced Acne
Acne caused by external factors such as skincare products, medications, or hormonal fluctuations.
49. Jojoba Oil
A plant oil similar to the skin’s natural sebum, ideal for balancing oil production and preventing acne without clogging pores.
50. Keratosis Pilaris
A skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps due to excess keratin buildup, often on the arms or thighs.
51. Lactic Acid
A mild AHA that exfoliates and moisturizes the skin, improving texture without irritation.
52. Melasma
Dark, discolored patches on the skin, often caused by hormonal changes, sun exposure, or pregnancy.
53. Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
A versatile ingredient that reduces inflammation, brightens dark spots, and strengthens the skin’s barrier function.
54. Non-Comedogenic
Products formulated to avoid clogging pores, ideal for acne-prone skin.
55. Occlusive Agents
Ingredients that form a protective barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss, such as petrolatum or beeswax.
56. Oil-Free
Oil-free products are ideal for controlling excess oil and preventing breakouts, especially for oily or acne-prone skin.
57. Oil-Based Cleanser
A cleansing product that uses oils to break down makeup, sunscreen, and impurities in a double cleansing routine.
58. Phthalates
Chemical compounds used in fragrances and cosmetics. They are often excluded in eco-friendly formulations due to potential health concerns.
59. Salicylic Acid (BHA)
A beta-hydroxy acid effective for treating acne. It penetrates deep into pores to exfoliate and reduce inflammation.
60. Shea Butter
A deeply hydrating and soothing ingredient derived from shea tree nuts, often used in body creams and moisturizers.
61. Tretinoin
A potent Vitamin A derivative used to treat acne, reduce fine lines, and fade hyperpigmentation. It accelerates cell turnover, preventing clogged pores and promoting smoother skin.
62. UVB & UVA
UVB rays cause sunburn, while UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin, causing aging and DNA damage. Broad-spectrum sunscreens protect against both for comprehensive sun protection.
63. Vitamin D
Essential for skin health, Vitamin D helps regulate the skin’s barrier function and is synthesized through sunlight exposure. It plays a key role in maintaining healthy skin.
64. Zinc Oxide
A physical sunscreen ingredient that provides broad-spectrum protection by blocking UV rays. It’s often recommended for sensitive skin due to its non-irritating properties.
65. Zinc
An essential mineral for skin health, zinc helps heal the skin, control oil production, and reduce inflammation. It's commonly found in acne treatments and sunscreens.
66. Antioxidants
Molecules like Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and green tea extract that protect the skin from oxidative stress and free radical damage, helping to prevent premature aging and skin damage.
67. Astringent
Skincare products that tighten and tone the skin, reducing excess oil and minimizing the appearance of pores. Witch hazel and alcohol-based toners are common astringents.
68. Atopic Dermatitis
A chronic eczema condition that causes inflamed, itchy skin. It’s often triggered by allergens, stress, or weather changes and requires specialized skincare for flare-up management.
69. Barrier Cream
A skincare product designed to protect the skin's natural barrier, preventing moisture loss and shielding against irritants and environmental damage. Ideal for sensitive or compromised skin.
70. Biotin
A B-vitamin essential for healthy hair, skin, and nails. Biotin is commonly included in supplements and skincare products to support skin elasticity and overall appearance.
71. Brightening
Skincare treatments designed to even out skin tone and reduce dark spots or dullness. Brightening products often feature ingredients like Vitamin C, niacinamide, and liquorice extract.
72. Butylene Glycol
A humectant that draws moisture into the skin from the air, helping to hydrate and enhance the absorption of other active ingredients in skincare formulas.
73. Cell Renewal
The natural process by which skin cells shed and regenerate. Skincare treatments like exfoliation and retinoids can accelerate cell turnover to improve skin texture and appearance.
74. Ceramides
Lipids that form the skin’s protective barrier and retain moisture. Ceramide-rich products help restore hydration, improve the skin's barrier, and reduce irritation.
75. Cold-Pressed Oils
Oils extracted from plants or seeds without heat, preserving their beneficial nutrients and antioxidants. Cold-pressed oils are ideal for nourishing and hydrating the skin.
76. Cumulative Sun Damage
The long-term effects of repeated sun exposure, including wrinkles, dark spots, and increased skin cancer risk. Consistent sun protection helps prevent cumulative damage.
77. Dead Skin Cells
The outer layer of skin that naturally sheds over time. Accumulation of dead skin cells can cause dullness and clogged pores, making exfoliation an essential step in skincare.
78. Derma-Roller (Microneedling)
A tool with tiny needles that create micro-injuries on the skin, stimulating collagen production. Microneedling can improve skin texture, reduce scarring, and minimize fine lines.
79. Dull Skin
Skin that appears lifeless or tired, often due to dead skin build-up, dehydration, or poor circulation. Exfoliation, hydration, and brightening products can help restore radiance.
80. Emollient
A skincare ingredient that softens and smooths the skin by filling gaps between skin cells. Emollients are commonly used in moisturizers for a smoother, more hydrated feel.
81. Exfoliation
The process of removing dead skin cells to reveal fresher, smoother skin. Exfoliation can be mechanical (scrubs) or chemical (AHAs, BHAs) to enhance skin texture.
82. Fermentation
A skincare process where ingredients like fruits, grains, or herbs undergo fermentation to enhance their bioavailability, making them more effective in formulations.
83. Fragrance-Free
Products that do not contain added fragrances, making them ideal for sensitive skin or those prone to allergic reactions from scents.
84. Glycation
A process where excess sugar in the blood binds to collagen and elastin, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which accelerate skin aging.
85. Greenwashing
A marketing term referring to products that falsely claim to be eco-friendly or natural. Always check labels and ingredients for authenticity to avoid greenwashing.
86. Gua Sha
A traditional Chinese skincare technique involving scraping the skin with a flat tool to promote circulation, reduce puffiness, and improve skin tone.
87. HA (Hyaluronic Acid)
A humectant that attracts moisture to the skin, hydrating and plumping the skin. It's a popular ingredient in moisturizers and serums to maintain hydration.
88. Hyaluronic Acid Serum
A concentrated serum that hydrates and plumps the skin. Best used on damp skin, it draws moisture from the environment to lock in hydration.
89. Hypoallergenic
Products formulated with ingredients less likely to cause allergic reactions. These products avoid common allergens like fragrances, dyes, or alcohol.
90. Infusion
The process of delivering potent ingredients into the skin using techniques like microneedling, sonic vibrations, or LED light therapy for deeper skin penetration.
91. Kojic Acid
A natural skin-lightening agent derived from fungi or rice, often used to lighten dark spots, hyperpigmentation, and acne scars by inhibiting melanin production.
92. Lanolin
A natural fatty substance from sheep wool, used in moisturizers and lip balms for its ability to hydrate and soften the skin deeply.
93. Lipoic Acid
An antioxidant that protects the skin from oxidative stress while boosting collagen production, reducing fine lines, and promoting smoother skin.
94. Micro-Exfoliation
A gentler form of exfoliation that targets superficial dead skin cells without irritation, typically achieved through enzyme-based exfoliators.
95. Mineral Oil
A by-product of petroleum, commonly used in moisturizers for its ability to form a protective barrier on the skin. It's generally safe but may clog pores for some individuals.
96. Niacinamide (Vitamin B3)
Known for its calming properties, niacinamide helps even out skin tone, improve the skin barrier, and reduce irritation. It's ideal for sensitive, acne-prone, or aging skin.
97. Peptide Complex
Chains of amino acids that help build proteins in the skin, including collagen and elastin. Peptides are commonly used in anti-aging products to improve firmness and elasticity.
98. Phytoestrogens
Plant-derived compounds that mimic estrogen, potentially helping with skin hydration, reducing fine lines, and addressing skin issues related to hormonal changes.
99. Retinoid
Vitamin A derivatives, including retinol and tretinoin, that promote skin renewal, reduce fine lines, and treat acne. Retinoids should be introduced gradually for the best results.
100. Sensitization
The process where the skin becomes more reactive to a specific ingredient over time, leading to irritation, redness, and dryness, often caused by overuse of active ingredients.